MicroLoan Foundation Malawi

Kufunika kwa ngongole zazing'ono, makamaka kwa anthu omwe mabungwe azachuma akuluakulu sawafikira, kukukulirakulira ku Malawi. Pakati pa mabungwe ambiri opereka ngongole, MicroLoan Foundation Malawi (MLF-M) imadziwika chifukwa cha njira yake yapadera, yoyang'ana kwambiri amayi akumidzi. Munkhani ino, tidzawunika kwambiri MLF-M, kuyambira chiyambi chake mpaka pa ntchito zake zanthawi zonse, ndiponso momwe imathandizira chuma cha amayi a ku Malawi.

Chidule cha MicroLoan Foundation Malawi ndi Mbiri Yake

MicroLoan Foundation Malawi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti MLF-M, inakhazikitsidwa mu chaka cha 2002 ndipo imachita ntchito zake ngati nthambi ya bungwe la MicroLoan Foundation (UK), lomwe ndi bungwe lopereka chithandizo ku Britain. Ku Malawi, MLF-M ndi bungwe loyendetsa ngongole zazing'ono zosapanga phindu, lolembetsedwa komanso kuyendetsedwa ndi Banki Yosunga Ndalama ya Malawi (Reserve Bank of Malawi) ngati bungwe la Tier-2.

Chikhalidwe Chake ndi Cholinga Chake

Cholinga chachikulu cha MLF-M ndi kuthandiza amayi osauka akumidzi omwe alibe mwayi wopeza ngongole ku mabanki wamba. Bungweli limapereka ngongole zazing'ono, zamagulu, zomwe zimakhala zanthawi yochepa. Koma chosiyana kwambiri ndi mabungwe ena ndi chakuti MLF-M silingopereka ngongole zokha. Imaphatikizapo maphunziro apadera a bizinesi komanso kuphunzitsa za kasamalidwe ka ndalama. Maphunzirowa amaperekedwa m'magulu, zisanachitike ngongole komanso pambuyo pake, kuthandiza amayiwo kukhazikitsa ndi kukula mabizinesi awo bwino. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuti amayiwo asangobwereka ndalama koma azidziwanso momwe angazigwiritsire ntchito bwino kuti apindule.

Atsogoleri Akuluakulu ndi Ofesi Zake

Kutsogolera ntchito za MLF-M ku Malawi kuli gulu la akatswiri odziwa zambiri. Mtsogoleri wamkulu (CEO) ndi A Davison Rakasi, omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 15 pantchito za banki ndi ngongole zazing'ono. Ndiponso, Mtsogoleri wa Zachuma (CFO) ndi A Linda Kambalametore, omwe ndi akatswiri azachuma odziwa zambiri. MLF-M ili ndi maofesi 22 komanso maofesi ang'onoang'ono 8 m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lino, kuphatikizapo mizinda ikuluikulu monga Lilongwe, Blantyre, ndi Mzuzu, zomwe zimawathandiza kufikira makasitomala ambiri akumidzi.

Mitundu ya Ngongole ndi Ntchito Zake

MLF-M imapereka mitundu ingapo ya ngongole, zonsezi zikuyang'ana kwambiri pa zosowa za amayi akumidzi. Chofunika kwambiri kudziwa ndi chakuti ngongole zonse zimaperekedwa m'magulu ndipo sifunika zikalata zambiri zachikhalidwe monga katundu kuti zikhale chitsimikizo, koma m'malo mwake zimadalira chitsimikizo cha anzanu a m'gulu. Ngongolezi zimakhala ndi zosiyana za chiwongoladzanja ndi nthawi yobweza:

• Ngongole ya Bizinesi ya Miyezi Inayi mpaka Isanu ndi Umodzi: Iyi imakhala ya miyezi 4 mpaka 6 ndipo ili ndi chiwongoladzanja chokhazikika cha 6% pamwezi. Palibe ndalama zina zolipiritsa, ndipo chitsimikizo chake ndi cha gulu.
• Ngongole ya Ulimi ya Miyezi Isanu ndi Iwiri (Chimanga/Soya): Nthawi yobweza ndi miyezi 7, ndipo chiwongoladzanja chokhazikika ndi 5.5% pamwezi. Ilinso yopanda ndalama zina zolipiritsa ndipo chitsimikizo chake ndi cha gulu.
• Ngongole ya Ulimi ya Miyezi Isanu ndi Itatu (Mpunga): Izi ndi za miyezi 8, zokhala ndi nthawi yopuma ya miyezi 4 isanayambike kubweza. Chiwongoladzanja chokhazikika ndi 5% pamwezi, opanda ndalama zina zolipiritsa, ndipo chitsimikizo chake ndi cha gulu.
• Ngongole ya Ulimi Wothirira: Nthawi yobweza ndi miyezi 7, ndipo ili ndi nthawi yopuma ya miyezi 4. Chiwongoladzanja chokhazikika ndi 6% pamwezi. Palibe ndalama zina zolipiritsa, ndipo chitsimikizo chake ndi cha gulu.
• Ngongole ya FInES ya Ulimi ndi Bizinesi: Ngongole ya bizinesi imakhala ya miyezi 4 mpaka 6, pamene ya ulimi imakhala ya miyezi 8. Chiwongoladzanja chake ndi chosiyana pang'ono, chotsika ndi 4% pamwezi, koma imakhala ndi ndalama zolipirira pasadakhale za 2.5%. Chitsimikizo chake ndi cha gulu.

Ndalama za ngongole zimayambira pa MWK 5,000 mpaka MWK 200,000 pa nthawi yoyamba kubwereka. Ngati kasitomala abweza bwino, ndalamazo zitha kukwera mpaka MWK 500,000 pa nthawi yotsatira. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe kabwino ka ndalama, obwereka amafunikanso kusungitsa 10% ya ngongole yoyamba, kapena 20% ya ngongole zotsatira, ku mabanki ogwirizana. Ndalama zosungidwazo zimapeza chiwongoladzanja cha 8-20% pachaka ndipo zimatulutsidwa ngongole ikabwera yonse.

Njira Yofunsira Ngongole ndi Momwe Zimagwirira Ntchito

Njira yofunsira ngongole ku MLF-M imayang'ana kwambiri magulu ndipo imachitikira makamaka kumidzi. Izi ndi zofunikira ndi momwe zimachitikira:

Kupempha Ngongole ndi Zofunikira

• Misonkhano Yamagulu: Ogwira ntchito za ngongole (Loan Officers) amapita kumidzi pa njinga zawo kapena pa njinga zamoto kukachita misonkhano yamagulu. Ndi pamisonkhanoyi pomwe amaperekera chidziwitso komanso kulandira zofunsira.
• Kupanga Gulu: Chofunikira chachikulu ndi kupanga gulu la amayi osachepera 5 mpaka 20. Gululi ndilo limakhala ngati chitsimikizo kwa mamembala ake.
• Kutsimikizira Azidziwitso (KYC): Kutsimikizira kuti omwe akufunsira ndi oyenera kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito anthu odziwika m'mudzimo ngati maumboni.
• Maphunziro Oyenera: Amayi onse ofuna ngongole ayenera kupita kumaphunziro okakamizidwa a bizinesi ndi kasamalidwe ka ndalama asanalandire ngongole. Maphunzirowa amaperekedwa m'njira yosavuta kumva, pogwiritsa ntchito nyimbo, kuvina, ndi zisudzo, kuti athe kufikira ngakhale omwe alibe maphunziro apamwamba.

Kupereka Ngongole ndi Kubweza

• Kupereka Ngongole: MLF-M ikuyesetsa kuti pofika kumapeto kwa 2024, 85% ya ngongole zonse ziziperekedwa kudzera pa ndalama zam'manja (mobile money). Ngongole zina zimaperekedwanso kudzera mu kusamutsa ku maakaunti a banki achitatu kapena ndalama zosagwira pamisonkhano ya m'nthambi.
• Kubweza Ngongole: Kubweza kumachitika pamisonkhano yamagulu ya sabata iliyonse. Ngati pakakhala kuchedwa kubweza, ogwira ntchito za ngongole amapita kumunda kukayendera. Ndalama zosungidwa ndi mamembala a gulu zimakhalanso ngati chitsimikizo cha anthu ammudzi (social collateral).

Zida Zamakono ndi Kufikira Kwake

Mosiyana ndi mabungwe ena amakono, MLF-M ilibe pulogalamu yakeyake ya pa foni yam'manja yomwe ogwiritsa ntchito angagwiritse ntchito pofunsira ngongole kapena kuwona zochitika zawo. Komabe, imayesa kugwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono kudzera mu mgwirizano ndi mabungwe operekera ndalama zam'manja pofuna kupereka ndi kulandira ngongole. Webusayiti yake, microloanfoundation.org.uk, imapereka zambiri za ntchito zake ndi nkhani zopambana za makasitomala.

MLF-M imafikira makasitomala oposa 38,000, omwe ambiri ndi amayi azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 55, omwe amagwira ntchito zamalonda zazing'ono komanso ulimi. Ngongolezi zimathandiza kwambiri anthu akumidzi omwe mabanki wamba sapezeka kwa iwo mosavuta.

Momwe Amayendetsedwera Ndi Boma ndi Malo Ake Pamsika

Monga tanena kale, MLF-M ndi bungwe lolembetsedwa komanso kuyendetsedwa ndi Banki Yosunga Ndalama ya Malawi ngati bungwe la Tier-2. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatsatira malamulo okhwima okhudza kasamalidwe ka ndalama komanso kupereka malipoti nthawi zonse. Bungweli silinakhale ndi vuto lililonse ndi boma lokhudza kusatsatira malamulo.

Chitetezo cha Makasitomala

MLF-M imayika patsogolo chitetezo cha makasitomala ake. Zimachita izi mwa:

• Kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira ndi chowonekera bwino pa chiwongoladzanja ndi ndalama zina zonse zolipiritsa.
• Kukakamiza kuti makasitomala onse apite kumaphunziro a bizinesi ndi chuma.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zosungidwa ngati chitsimikizo, zomwe zimabwezedwa ngongole ikamalizidwa.

Malo ake Pamsika ndi Ompikisana Nawo

MLF-M ili ndi malo apadera pamsika wa ngongole zazing'ono ku Malawi. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndi amayi akumidzi chimayipangitsa kukhala yosiyana ndi mabungwe ambiri. Ompikisana nawo akuluakulu amaphatikizapo FINCA Malawi, VisionFund Malawi, ndi Opportunity International. Koma MLF-M imasiyana chifukwa cha:

• Kuyang'ana kwambiri amayi okha: Izi zimathandiza kuti azipereka chithandizo choyenera pa zosowa za amayi.
• Chitsimikizo cha Gulu: Njira imeneyi imalimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi udindo wamagulu.
• Maphunziro Ophatikizana: Kupereka maphunziro pamodzi ndi ngongole kumathandiza makasitomala kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ngongole zawo.

Mwa njira zake zapaderazi, MLF-M ikupitiriza kukula, ndipo yakulitsa maofesi ake kuchoka pa 16 kufika pa 22 pakati pa 2021 ndi 2022. Ilinso ndi mapulani okweza ntchito zake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono posachedwapa.

Malingaliro a Makasitomala ndi Malangizo kwa Ofuna Kubwereka

MLF-M imadziwika chifukwa cha kubweza ngongole kwambiri, pafupifupi 97% pazinthu zake zonse. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti makasitomala amagwiritsa ntchito bwino ngongole zawo ndipo amakhala ndi udindo pobweza. Amayi ambiri omwe alandira ngongole amayamikira kwambiri chithandizo cha anzawowo m'magulu komanso maphunziro omwe amalandira. Nkhani zambiri zopambana zimasonyeza kuti amayi amakwanitsa kukulitsa mabizinesi awo, kuphunzitsa ana awo, ndiponso kulowa mu ulimi wothirira kudzera mu ngongolezi. Komabe, malingaliro ena amasonyeza kuti nthawi zina pamakhala kuchedwa kwa malipiro a ndalama zam'manja.

Malangizo Othandiza kwa Omwe Akufuna Kubwereka

Ngati mukuganiza zofunsira ngongole ku MicroLoan Foundation Malawi, dziwani izi:

• Dziwani Udindo wa Gulu: Popeza ngongole zambiri zimakhala zamagulu, kumbukirani kuti udindo wanu ndi wa gulu lonse. Kulephera kubweza kwa membala mmodzi kumakhudza gulu lonse. Mgwirizano ndi kudalirana ndi zofunikira.
• Tenganani Maphunziro Mozama: Maphunziro a bizinesi ndi kasamalidwe ka ndalama ndi ofunika kwambiri. Osangopita chifukwa chokakamizidwa, koma phunziranipo kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zanu molondola.
• Konzekerani Bizinesi Yanu Bwino: Musanabwereke, khalani ndi dongosolo labwino la bizinesi kapena ntchito yanu ya ulimi. Dziwani momwe mungasungire ndi kukulitsa phindu.
• Samalani Ndalama Zosungidwa: Ndalama zosungidwa zomwe mumaperekapo ndi gawo la ndalama zanu, komanso ndi chitsimikizo. Zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza chiwongoladzanja komanso zimakuthandizani kukhala ndi ndalama zosungira zam'tsogolo.
• Bwezani Ngongole Nthawi Yake: Kubweza ngongole nthawi yake kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza ngongole zazikulu mtsogolomu ndipo kumakulitsa kudalirana pakati pa inu ndi MLF-M.
• Gwiritsani Ntchito Ndalama Zam'manja: Popeza MLF-M ikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zam'manja, dziwani bwino momwe zimayendera kuti mupewe kuchedwa.

Pomaliza, MicroLoan Foundation Malawi imapereka mwayi wapadera kwa amayi akumidzi ku Malawi. Mwa kuphatikiza ngongole zokhala ndi maphunziro apadera, bungweli silingothandiza amayi kupeza chuma chokha, koma limawathandizanso kukulitsa luso lawo la bizinesi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala odzidalira ndikukulitsa chuma cha mabanja awo komanso midzi yawo.